Read Traditional and Modern Biotechnology
Traditional biotechnology uses natural microbial abilities; modern biotechnology directly changes and transfers genetic material.
Core Biotechnology Concepts is the central idea in this question pattern. Identify the condition in the stem before applying the method below.
Distinguish the approaches
Curd, bread and wine rely on microbial processes used in traditional biotechnology. Modern genetic engineering creates recombinant DNA, clones genes and transfers them into host cells.
Connect tools to organisms
Bt is a source of insecticidal genes; Agrobacterium is a natural plant genetic engineer; Pseudomonas fluorescens is associated with cold-resistance genes; Proteus vulgaris supplies Pvu restriction enzymes.
Recognise biotechnology applications
Glyphosate-tolerant crops and biotechnology uses in diagnostics, food processing, and energy are valid examples. Mice are the most commonly used transgenic animals. The claim that Eli Lilly developed the first transgenic cow Rosie in 1983 is false.
Build recombinant DNA
Restriction endonucleases cut vector and insert DNA at specific internal recognition sequences, creating ends that can be joined. DNA ligase seals the sugar–phosphate backbone by forming phosphodiester bonds. For the construction sequence, cut first and ligate after inserting the fragment.
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- ✓Traditional: use natural microbial capabilities.
- ✓Modern: recombinant DNA, cloning and transfer.
- ✓Match each organism to its biotechnology contribution.
Industrial-scale culture and genetic engineering are related fields, but they are not synonyms.
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